# Program Title: Ruby Math Functions Demonstration
# ============================
# Constants
# ============================
pi_value = Math::PI # π constant
e_value = Math::E # Euler's number
puts "Constants:"
puts " pi = #{pi_value}"
puts " e = #{e_value}"
puts
# ============================
# Core Functions
# ============================
num_x = 2.5 # sample value
puts "Core Functions:"
puts " sqrt(2.5) = #{Math.sqrt(num_x)}" # square root
puts " exp(2.5) = #{Math.exp(num_x)}" # e^x
puts " log(2.5) = #{Math.log(num_x)}" # natural log
puts " log10(2.5)= #{Math.log10(num_x)}" # base‑10 log
puts " pow(2.5,3)= #{num_x ** 3}" # x^3
puts
# ============================
# Trigonometric Functions
# ============================
angle = Math::PI / 4 # 45 degrees in radians
puts "Trigonometric Functions:"
puts " sin(pi/4) = #{Math.sin(angle)}" # sine
puts " cos(pi/4) = #{Math.cos(angle)}" # cosine
puts " tan(pi/4) = #{Math.tan(angle)}" # tangent
puts " asin(0.5) = #{Math.asin(0.5)}" # arcsine
puts " acos(0.5) = #{Math.acos(0.5)}" # arccosine
puts " atan(1.0) = #{Math.atan(1.0)}" # arctangent
puts
# ============================
# Hyperbolic Functions
# ============================
puts "Hyperbolic Functions:"
puts " sinh(1) = #{Math.sinh(1)}" # hyperbolic sine
puts " cosh(1) = #{Math.cosh(1)}" # hyperbolic cosine
puts " tanh(1) = #{Math.tanh(1)}" # hyperbolic tangent
puts
# ============================
# Rounding Functions
# ============================
num_y = -2.7 # negative number for rounding tests
puts "Rounding Functions:"
puts " floor(-2.7) = #{num_y.floor}" # round down
puts " ceil(-2.7) = #{num_y.ceil}" # round up
puts " round(-2.7) = #{num_y.round}" # nearest integer
puts " trunc(-2.7) = #{num_y.truncate}" # remove decimals
puts
# ============================
# Min / Max / Clamp
# ============================
num_a = 10
num_b = 20
value_to_clamp = 15
puts "Min/Max/Clamp:"
puts " min(10,20) = #{[num_a, num_b].min}" # smaller of two
puts " max(10,20) = #{[num_a, num_b].max}" # larger of two
clamped = value_to_clamp.clamp(0, 10) # clamp 15 to range 0–10
puts " clamp(15,0,10) = #{clamped}"
puts
# ============================
# Bitwise Math (Integers)
# ============================
byte_x = 0xAA # 10101010 in hex
byte_y = 0xCC # 11001100 in hex
puts "Bitwise Math:"
puts " X & Y = #{(byte_x & byte_y).to_s(16)}" # AND
puts " X | Y = #{(byte_x | byte_y).to_s(16)}" # OR
puts " X ^ Y = #{(byte_x ^ byte_y).to_s(16)}" # XOR
puts " ~X = #{((~byte_x) & 0xFF).to_s(16)}" # NOT (mask to 8 bits)
puts " X << 2 = #{((byte_x << 2) & 0xFF).to_s(16)}" # left shift
puts " Y >> 3 = #{(byte_y >> 3).to_s(16)}" # right shift
puts
# ============================
# Additional Useful Math
# ============================
puts "Additional Math:"
puts " abs(-3.14) = #{(-3.14).abs}" # absolute value
puts " fmod(10,3) = #{10 % 3}" # remainder
puts " hypot(3,4) = #{Math.hypot(3, 4)}" # sqrt(x²+y²)
puts " deg2rad(180) = #{Math::PI / 180 * 180}" # degrees → radians
puts " rad2deg(pi) = #{Math::PI * 180 / Math::PI}" # radians → degrees
=begin
run:
Constants:
pi = 3.141592653589793
e = 2.718281828459045
Core Functions:
sqrt(2.5) = 1.5811388300841898
exp(2.5) = 12.182493960703473
log(2.5) = 0.9162907318741551
log10(2.5)= 0.3979400086720376
pow(2.5,3)= 15.625
Trigonometric Functions:
sin(pi/4) = 0.7071067811865475
cos(pi/4) = 0.7071067811865476
tan(pi/4) = 0.9999999999999999
asin(0.5) = 0.5235987755982989
acos(0.5) = 1.0471975511965979
atan(1.0) = 0.7853981633974483
Hyperbolic Functions:
sinh(1) = 1.1752011936438014
cosh(1) = 1.5430806348152437
tanh(1) = 0.7615941559557649
Rounding Functions:
floor(-2.7) = -3
ceil(-2.7) = -2
round(-2.7) = -3
trunc(-2.7) = -2
Min/Max/Clamp:
min(10,20) = 10
max(10,20) = 20
clamp(15,0,10) = 10
Bitwise Math:
X & Y = 88
X | Y = ee
X ^ Y = 66
~X = 55
X << 2 = a8
Y >> 3 = 19
Additional Math:
abs(-3.14) = 3.14
fmod(10,3) = 1
hypot(3,4) = 5.0
deg2rad(180) = 3.141592653589793
rad2deg(pi) = 180.0
=end
