/// Program Title: Scala Math Functions Demonstration
object MathDemo extends App {
// ============================
// Constants
// ============================
val piValue = Math.PI // π constant
val eValue = Math.E // Euler's number
println("Constants:")
println(s" pi = $piValue")
println(s" e = $eValue")
println()
// ============================
// Core Functions
// ============================
val numX = 2.5 // sample value
println("Core Functions:")
println(s" sqrt(2.5) = ${Math.sqrt(numX)}") // square root
println(s" exp(2.5) = ${Math.exp(numX)}") // e^x
println(s" log(2.5) = ${Math.log(numX)}") // natural log
println(s" log10(2.5)= ${Math.log10(numX)}") // base‑10 log
println(s" pow(2.5,3)= ${Math.pow(numX, 3)}") // x^3
println()
// ============================
// Trigonometric Functions
// ============================
val angle = Math.PI / 4 // 45 degrees in radians
println("Trigonometric Functions:")
println(s" sin(pi/4) = ${Math.sin(angle)}") // sine
println(s" cos(pi/4) = ${Math.cos(angle)}") // cosine
println(s" tan(pi/4) = ${Math.tan(angle)}") // tangent
println(s" asin(0.5) = ${Math.asin(0.5)}") // arcsine
println(s" acos(0.5) = ${Math.acos(0.5)}") // arccosine
println(s" atan(1.0) = ${Math.atan(1.0)}") // arctangent
println()
// ============================
// Hyperbolic Functions
// ============================
println("Hyperbolic Functions:")
println(s" sinh(1) = ${Math.sinh(1)}") // hyperbolic sine
println(s" cosh(1) = ${Math.cosh(1)}") // hyperbolic cosine
println(s" tanh(1) = ${Math.tanh(1)}") // hyperbolic tangent
println()
// ============================
// Rounding Functions
// ============================
val numY = -2.7 // negative number for rounding tests
println("Rounding Functions:")
println(s" floor(-2.7) = ${Math.floor(numY)}") // round down
println(s" ceil(-2.7) = ${Math.ceil(numY)}") // round up
println(s" round(-2.7) = ${Math.round(numY)}") // nearest integer
println(s" trunc(-2.7) = ${numY.toInt}") // remove decimals
println()
// ============================
// Min / Max / Clamp
// ============================
val numA = 10
val numB = 20
val valueToClamp = 15
println("Min/Max/Clamp:")
println(s" min(10,20) = ${Math.min(numA, numB)}") // smaller of two
println(s" max(10,20) = ${Math.max(numA, numB)}") // larger of two
// clamp manually
val clamped = valueToClamp.max(0).min(10) // clamp 15 to range 0–10
println(s" clamp(15,0,10) = $clamped")
println()
// ============================
// Bitwise Math (Integers)
// ============================
val byteX = 0xAA // 10101010 in hex
val byteY = 0xCC // 11001100 in hex
println("Bitwise Math:")
println(f" X & Y = ${byteX & byteY}%X") // AND
println(f" X | Y = ${byteX | byteY}%X") // OR
println(f" X ^ Y = ${byteX ^ byteY}%X") // XOR
println(f" ~X = ${~byteX & 0xFF}%X") // NOT (mask to 8 bits)
println(f" X << 2 = ${(byteX << 2) & 0xFF}%X") // left shift
println(f" Y >> 3 = ${byteY >> 3}%X") // right shift
println()
// ============================
// Additional Useful Math
// ============================
println("Additional Math:")
println(s" abs(-3.14) = ${Math.abs(-3.14)}") // absolute value
println(s" fmod(10,3) = ${10 % 3}") // remainder
println(s" hypot(3,4) = ${Math.hypot(3, 4)}") // sqrt(x²+y²)
println(s" deg2rad(180) = ${Math.toRadians(180)}") // degrees -> radians
println(s" rad2deg(pi) = ${Math.toDegrees(Math.PI)}") // radians -> degrees
}
/*
run:
Constants:
pi = 3.141592653589793
e = 2.718281828459045
Core Functions:
sqrt(2.5) = 1.5811388300841898
exp(2.5) = 12.182493960703473
log(2.5) = 0.9162907318741551
log10(2.5)= 0.3979400086720376
pow(2.5,3)= 15.625
Trigonometric Functions:
sin(pi/4) = 0.7071067811865475
cos(pi/4) = 0.7071067811865476
tan(pi/4) = 0.9999999999999999
asin(0.5) = 0.5235987755982989
acos(0.5) = 1.0471975511965979
atan(1.0) = 0.7853981633974483
Hyperbolic Functions:
sinh(1) = 1.1752011936438014
cosh(1) = 1.543080634815244
tanh(1) = 0.7615941559557649
Rounding Functions:
floor(-2.7) = -3.0
ceil(-2.7) = -2.0
round(-2.7) = -3
trunc(-2.7) = -2
Min/Max/Clamp:
min(10,20) = 10
max(10,20) = 20
clamp(15,0,10) = 10
Bitwise Math:
X & Y = 88
X | Y = EE
X ^ Y = 66
~X = 55
X << 2 = A8
Y >> 3 = 19
Additional Math:
abs(-3.14) = 3.14
fmod(10,3) = 1
hypot(3,4) = 5.0
deg2rad(180) = 3.141592653589793
rad2deg(pi) = 180.0
*/
