// Program Title: Swift Math Functions Demonstration
import Foundation // Needed for hyperbolic functions
// ============================
// Constants
// ============================
let piValue = Double.pi // π constant
let eValue = M_E // Euler's number
print("Constants:")
print(" pi = \(piValue)")
print(" e = \(eValue)")
print()
// ============================
// Core Functions
// ============================
let numX = 2.5 // sample value
print("Core Functions:")
print(" sqrt(2.5) = \(sqrt(numX))") // square root
print(" exp(2.5) = \(exp(numX))") // e^x
print(" log(2.5) = \(log(numX))") // natural log
print(" log10(2.5)= \(log10(numX))") // base‑10 log
print(" pow(2.5,3)= \(pow(numX, 3))") // x^3
print()
// ============================
// Trigonometric Functions
// ============================
let angle = Double.pi / 4 // 45 degrees in radians
print("Trigonometric Functions:")
print(" sin(pi/4) = \(sin(angle))") // sine
print(" cos(pi/4) = \(cos(angle))") // cosine
print(" tan(pi/4) = \(tan(angle))") // tangent
print(" asin(0.5) = \(asin(0.5))") // arcsine
print(" acos(0.5) = \(acos(0.5))") // arccosine
print(" atan(1.0) = \(atan(1.0))") // arctangent
print()
// ============================
// Hyperbolic Functions
// ============================
print("Hyperbolic Functions:")
print(" sinh(1) = \(sinh(1.0))") // hyperbolic sine
print(" cosh(1) = \(cosh(1.0))") // hyperbolic cosine
print(" tanh(1) = \(tanh(1.0))") // hyperbolic tangent
print()
// ============================
// Rounding Functions
// ============================
let numY = -2.7 // negative number for rounding tests
print("Rounding Functions:")
print(" floor(-2.7) = \(floor(numY))") // round down
print(" ceil(-2.7) = \(ceil(numY))") // round up
print(" round(-2.7) = \(numY.rounded())") // nearest integer
print(" trunc(-2.7) = \(numY.rounded(.towardZero))") // remove decimals
print()
// ============================
// Min / Max / Clamp
// ============================
let numA = 10.0
let numB = 20.0
let valueToClamp = 15.0
print("Min/Max/Clamp:")
print(" min(10,20) = \(min(numA, numB))") // smaller of two
print(" max(10,20) = \(max(numA, numB))") // larger of two
let clamped = max(0.0, min(10.0, valueToClamp)) // clamp 15 to range 0–10
print(" clamp(15,0,10) = \(clamped)")
print()
// ============================
// Bitwise Math (Integers)
// ============================
let byteX: UInt8 = 0xAA // 10101010 in hex
let byteY: UInt8 = 0xCC // 11001100 in hex
print("Bitwise Math:")
print(" X & Y = \(String(byteX & byteY, radix: 16))") // AND
print(" X | Y = \(String(byteX | byteY, radix: 16))") // OR
print(" X ^ Y = \(String(byteX ^ byteY, radix: 16))") // XOR
print(" ~X = \(String(~byteX & 0xFF, radix: 16))") // NOT (mask to 8 bits)
print(" X << 2 = \(String((byteX << 2) & 0xFF, radix: 16))") // left shift
print(" Y >> 3 = \(String(byteY >> 3, radix: 16))") // right shift
print()
// ============================
// Additional Useful Math
// ============================
print("Additional Math:")
print(" abs(-3.14) = \(abs(-3.14))") // absolute value
print(" fmod(10,3) = \(10.0.truncatingRemainder(dividingBy: 3.0))") // remainder
print(" hypot(3,4) = \(hypot(3.0, 4.0))") // sqrt(x²+y²)
print(" deg2rad(180) = \(180.0 * .pi / 180.0)") // degrees -> radians
print(" rad2deg(pi) = \(Double.pi * 180.0 / .pi)") // radians -> degrees
/*
run:
Constants:
pi = 3.141592653589793
e = 2.718281828459045
Core Functions:
sqrt(2.5) = 1.5811388300841898
exp(2.5) = 12.182493960703473
log(2.5) = 0.9162907318741551
log10(2.5)= 0.3979400086720376
pow(2.5,3)= 15.625
Trigonometric Functions:
sin(pi/4) = 0.7071067811865475
cos(pi/4) = 0.7071067811865476
tan(pi/4) = 0.9999999999999999
asin(0.5) = 0.5235987755982989
acos(0.5) = 1.0471975511965979
atan(1.0) = 0.7853981633974483
Hyperbolic Functions:
sinh(1) = 1.1752011936438014
cosh(1) = 1.5430806348152437
tanh(1) = 0.7615941559557649
Rounding Functions:
floor(-2.7) = -3.0
ceil(-2.7) = -2.0
round(-2.7) = -3.0
trunc(-2.7) = -2.0
Min/Max/Clamp:
min(10,20) = 10.0
max(10,20) = 20.0
clamp(15,0,10) = 10.0
Bitwise Math:
X & Y = 88
X | Y = ee
X ^ Y = 66
~X = 55
X << 2 = a8
Y >> 3 = 19
Additional Math:
abs(-3.14) = 3.14
fmod(10,3) = 1.0
hypot(3,4) = 5.0
deg2rad(180) = 3.141592653589793
rad2deg(pi) = 180.0
*/
