' Program Title: VB.NET Math Functions Demonstration
Imports System
Module Program
Sub Main()
' ============================
' Constants
' ============================
Dim pi As Double = Math.PI ' π constant
Dim e As Double = Math.E ' Euler's number
Console.WriteLine("Constants:")
Console.WriteLine(" pi = " & pi)
Console.WriteLine(" e = " & e)
Console.WriteLine()
' ============================
' Core Functions
' ============================
Dim x As Double = 2.5 ' sample value
Console.WriteLine("Core Functions:")
Console.WriteLine(" Sqrt(2.5) = " & Math.Sqrt(x)) ' square root
Console.WriteLine(" Exp(2.5) = " & Math.Exp(x)) ' e^x
Console.WriteLine(" Log(2.5) = " & Math.Log(x)) ' natural log
Console.WriteLine(" Log10(2.5)= " & Math.Log10(x)) ' base-10 log
Console.WriteLine(" Pow(2.5,3)= " & Math.Pow(x, 3)) ' x^3
Console.WriteLine()
' ============================
' Trigonometric Functions
' ============================
Dim angle As Double = Math.PI / 4 ' 45 degrees in radians
Console.WriteLine("Trigonometric Functions:")
Console.WriteLine(" Sin(pi/4) = " & Math.Sin(angle)) ' sine
Console.WriteLine(" Cos(pi/4) = " & Math.Cos(angle)) ' cosine
Console.WriteLine(" Tan(pi/4) = " & Math.Tan(angle)) ' tangent
Console.WriteLine(" Asin(0.5) = " & Math.Asin(0.5)) ' arcsine
Console.WriteLine(" Acos(0.5) = " & Math.Acos(0.5)) ' arccosine
Console.WriteLine(" Atan(1.0) = " & Math.Atan(1.0)) ' arctangent
Console.WriteLine()
' ============================
' Hyperbolic Functions
' ============================
Console.WriteLine("Hyperbolic Functions:")
Console.WriteLine(" Sinh(1) = " & Math.Sinh(1)) ' hyperbolic sine
Console.WriteLine(" Cosh(1) = " & Math.Cosh(1)) ' hyperbolic cosine
Console.WriteLine(" Tanh(1) = " & Math.Tanh(1)) ' hyperbolic tangent
Console.WriteLine()
' ============================
' Rounding Functions
' ============================
Dim y As Double = -2.7 ' negative number for rounding tests
Console.WriteLine("Rounding Functions:")
Console.WriteLine(" Floor(-2.7) = " & Math.Floor(y)) ' round down
Console.WriteLine(" Ceiling(-2.7)= " & Math.Ceiling(y)) ' round up
Console.WriteLine(" Round(-2.7) = " & Math.Round(y)) ' nearest integer
Console.WriteLine(" Truncate(-2.7) = " & Math.Truncate(y)) ' remove decimals
Console.WriteLine()
' ============================
' Min / Max / Clamp
' ============================
Dim m As Double = 10
Dim n As Double = 20
Dim value As Double = 15
Console.WriteLine("Min/Max/Clamp:")
Console.WriteLine(" Min(10,20) = " & Math.Min(m, n)) ' smaller of two
Console.WriteLine(" Max(10,20) = " & Math.Max(m, n)) ' larger of two
' clamp logic using Math.Min/Max
Dim clamped As Double = Math.Max(0, Math.Min(10, value)) ' clamp 15 to range 0–10
Console.WriteLine(" Clamp(15,0,10) = " & clamped)
Console.WriteLine()
' ============================
' Bitwise Math (Integers)
' ============================
Dim A As Byte = &HAA ' 10101010 in hex
Dim B As Byte = &HCC ' 11001100 in hex
Console.WriteLine("Bitwise Math:")
Console.WriteLine(" A AND B = 0x" & (A And B).ToString("X2")) ' bitwise AND
Console.WriteLine(" A OR B = 0x" & (A Or B).ToString("X2")) ' bitwise OR
Console.WriteLine(" A XOR B = 0x" & (A Xor B).ToString("X2")) ' bitwise XOR
Console.WriteLine(" NOT A = 0x" & (Not A).ToString("X2")) ' bitwise NOT
Console.WriteLine(" A << 2 = 0x" & (A << 2).ToString("X2")) ' left shift
Console.WriteLine(" B >> 3 = 0x" & (B >> 3).ToString("X2")) ' right shift
Console.WriteLine()
' ============================
' Additional Useful Math
' ============================
Console.WriteLine("Additional Math:")
Console.WriteLine(" Abs(-3.14) = " & Math.Abs(-3.14)) ' absolute value
Console.WriteLine(" IEEERemainder(10,3) = " & Math.IEEERemainder(10, 3)) ' IEEE remainder
Console.WriteLine(" Sqrt(3^2 + 4^2) = " & Math.Sqrt(3 * 3 + 4 * 4)) ' manual hypot
Console.WriteLine(" Exp(4) = " & Math.Exp(4)) ' e^4
End Sub
End Module
' run:
'
' Constants:
' pi = 3.14159265358979
' e = 2.71828182845905
'
' Core Functions:
' Sqrt(2.5) = 1.58113883008419
' Exp(2.5) = 12.1824939607035
' Log(2.5) = 0.916290731874155
' Log10(2.5)= 0.397940008672038
' Pow(2.5,3)= 15.625
'
' Trigonometric Functions:
' Sin(pi/4) = 0.707106781186548
' Cos(pi/4) = 0.707106781186548
' Tan(pi/4) = 1
' Asin(0.5) = 0.523598775598299
' Acos(0.5) = 1.0471975511966
' Atan(1.0) = 0.785398163397448
'
' Hyperbolic Functions:
' Sinh(1) = 1.1752011936438
' Cosh(1) = 1.54308063481524
' Tanh(1) = 0.761594155955765
'
' Rounding Functions:
' Floor(-2.7) = -3
' Ceiling(-2.7)= -2
' Round(-2.7) = -3
' Truncate(-2.7) = -2
'
' Min/Max/Clamp:
' Min(10,20) = 10
' Max(10,20) = 20
' Clamp(15,0,10) = 10
'
' Bitwise Math:
' A AND B = 0x88
' A OR B = 0xEE
' A XOR B = 0x66
' NOT A = 0x55
' A << 2 = 0xA8
' B >> 3 = 0x19
'
' Additional Math:
' Abs(-3.14) = 3.14
' IEEERemainder(10,3) = 1
' Sqrt(3^2 + 4^2) = 5
' Exp(4) = 54.5981500331442
'
