/* Program Title: C Math Functions Demonstration */
#include <stdio.h> // printf
#include <math.h> // math functions
#include <stdint.h> // fixed-size integers
#include <limits.h> // integer limits
int main(void) {
/* ============================
Constants
============================ */
double pi = M_PI; // π constant
double e = M_E; // Euler's number
printf("Constants:\n");
printf(" pi = %f\n", pi);
printf(" e = %f\n\n", e);
/* ============================
Core Functions
============================ */
double x = 2.5; // sample value
printf("Core Functions:\n");
printf(" sqrt(2.5) = %f\n", sqrt(x)); // square root
printf(" cbrt(2.5) = %f\n", cbrt(x)); // cube root
printf(" exp(2.5) = %f\n", exp(x)); // e^x
printf(" log(2.5) = %f\n", log(x)); // natural log
printf(" log10(2.5)= %f\n", log10(x)); // base-10 log
printf(" pow(2.5,3)= %f\n\n", pow(x,3)); // x^3
/* ============================
Trigonometric Functions
============================ */
double angle = M_PI / 4; // 45 degrees in radians
printf("Trigonometric Functions:\n");
printf(" sin(pi/4) = %f\n", sin(angle)); // sine
printf(" cos(pi/4) = %f\n", cos(angle)); // cosine
printf(" tan(pi/4) = %f\n", tan(angle)); // tangent
printf(" asin(0.5) = %f\n", asin(0.5)); // arcsine
printf(" acos(0.5) = %f\n", acos(0.5)); // arccosine
printf(" atan(1.0) = %f\n\n", atan(1.0)); // arctangent
/* ============================
Hyperbolic Functions
============================ */
printf("Hyperbolic Functions:\n");
printf(" sinh(1) = %f\n", sinh(1)); // hyperbolic sine
printf(" cosh(1) = %f\n", cosh(1)); // hyperbolic cosine
printf(" tanh(1) = %f\n", tanh(1)); // hyperbolic tangent
printf("\n");
/* ============================
Rounding Functions
============================ */
double y = -2.7; // negative number for rounding tests
printf("Rounding Functions:\n");
printf(" floor(-2.7) = %f\n", floor(y)); // round down
printf(" ceil(-2.7) = %f\n", ceil(y)); // round up
printf(" round(-2.7) = %f\n", round(y)); // nearest integer
printf(" trunc(-2.7) = %f\n", trunc(y)); // remove decimals
printf("\n");
/* ============================
Min / Max / Clamp
============================ */
double a = 10, b = 20; // values for min/max
double value = 15; // value to clamp
double minV = 0, maxV = 10;
double clamp = value < minV ? minV : (value > maxV ? maxV : value); // clamp logic
printf("Min/Max/Clamp:\n");
printf(" fmin(10,20) = %f\n", fmin(a,b)); // smaller of two
printf(" fmax(10,20) = %f\n", fmax(a,b)); // larger of two
printf(" clamp(15,0,10) = %f\n\n", clamp); // clamp result
/* ============================
Bitwise Math (Integers)
============================ */
uint8_t A = 0b10101010; // binary literal
uint8_t B = 0b11001100; // binary literal
printf("Bitwise Math:\n");
printf(" A & B = 0x%02X\n", A & B); // bitwise AND
printf(" A | B = 0x%02X\n", A | B); // bitwise OR
printf(" A ^ B = 0x%02X\n", A ^ B); // bitwise XOR
printf(" ~A = 0x%02X\n", (uint8_t)~A); // bitwise NOT
printf(" A << 2 = 0x%02X\n", A << 2); // left shift
printf(" B >> 3 = 0x%02X\n", B >> 3); // right shift
printf("\n");
/* ============================
Additional Useful Math
============================ */
printf("Additional Math:\n");
printf(" fabs(-3.14) = %f\n", fabs(-3.14)); // absolute value
printf(" fmod(10,3) = %f\n", fmod(10,3)); // remainder
printf(" hypot(3,4) = %f\n", hypot(3,4)); // sqrt(x²+y²)
printf(" ldexp(1,4) = %f\n", ldexp(1,4)); // 1 * 2^4
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
/*
run:
onstants:
pi = 3.141593
e = 2.718282
Core Functions:
sqrt(2.5) = 1.581139
cbrt(2.5) = 1.357209
exp(2.5) = 12.182494
log(2.5) = 0.916291
log10(2.5)= 0.397940
pow(2.5,3)= 15.625000
Trigonometric Functions:
sin(pi/4) = 0.707107
cos(pi/4) = 0.707107
tan(pi/4) = 1.000000
asin(0.5) = 0.523599
acos(0.5) = 1.047198
atan(1.0) = 0.785398
Hyperbolic Functions:
sinh(1) = 1.175201
cosh(1) = 1.543081
tanh(1) = 0.761594
Rounding Functions:
floor(-2.7) = -3.000000
ceil(-2.7) = -2.000000
round(-2.7) = -3.000000
trunc(-2.7) = -2.000000
Min/Max/Clamp:
fmin(10,20) = 10.000000
fmax(10,20) = 20.000000
clamp(15,0,10) = 10.000000
Bitwise Math:
A & B = 0x88
A | B = 0xEE
A ^ B = 0x66
~A = 0x55
A << 2 = 0x2A8
B >> 3 = 0x19
Additional Math:
fabs(-3.14) = 3.140000
fmod(10,3) = 1.000000
hypot(3,4) = 5.000000
ldexp(1,4) = 16.000000
*/
