class Account:
def deposit(self, amount):
self._log("Deposit")
self.__update_balance(amount)
def _log(self, action):
print(f"Logging: {action}")
def __update_balance(self, amount):
print(f"Updating balance by {amount}")
acc = Account()
print("Calling deposit():")
acc.deposit(100) # OK
print("\nTrying to call _log() directly:")
acc._log("Manual log") # Allowed, but discouraged
print("\nTrying to call __update_balance() directly:")
try:
acc.__update_balance(200) # Error
except AttributeError as e:
print("Error:", e)
print("\nCalling name‑mangled private method:")
acc._Account__update_balance(200) # Works, but intentionally ugly
'''
run:
ERROR!
Calling deposit():
Logging: Deposit
Updating balance by 100
Trying to call _log() directly:
Logging: Manual log
Trying to call __update_balance() directly:
Error: 'Account' object has no attribute '__update_balance'
Calling name‑mangled private method:
Updating balance by 200
'''
