import pandas as pd
JSON = [{'part':1, 'time':"2022-08-15 8:17:12"},
{'part':1, 'time':"2022-08-15 8:18:20"},
{'part':2, 'time':"2022-08-15 8:21:14"},
{'part':3, 'time':"2022-08-15 9:02:03"}]
diff = pd.to_datetime(pd.DataFrame(JSON)['time']).diff()
print(diff)
'''
run:
0 NaT
1 0 days 00:01:08
2 0 days 00:02:54
3 0 days 00:40:49
Name: time, dtype: timedelta64[ns]
'''