from collections import defaultdict
d = {'key1':34, 'key2':89, 'key3':12, 'key4':72, 'key5':90}
inverted = defaultdict(list)
{inverted[v].append(k) for k, v in d.items()}
d = dict(inverted)
print(d)
'''
run:
{34: ['key1'], 89: ['key2'], 12: ['key3'], 72: ['key4'], 90: ['key5']}
'''